Milling machine



G. HORN.

MILLING MACHINE.

APPLICATION- FILED MAY 16. 1919.

1,40 Patented Feb. 14,- 1922.

I 7 SHEETS-SHEET I.

G. HORN.

MILLING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED MAY16,1919.

Patented Feb. 14, 1922.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

@MeKWe G. HORN.

MILLING MACHINE.

APPLICATION man MAYI6,1919.

I SHEETS-SHEET 3.

G. HORN.

MILLING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 16, m9.

1,40 Patented Feb. 14., 1922.

l SHEETS-SHEET 4- G. HORN.

. MILLING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 16, 19 19.

M wm m. F M a l? n J j,

G. HORN.

MILLING'MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAYIG, 1919.

1,406, Patented Feb. 14, 1922.

'! SHEETS-SHEET 6.

G. HORN.

MILLING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY16,1919.

Patented Feb. 14, 1922.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

urs'ogsrares PATENT orrics.

sumo nor-tn, or nnanntwnrssnnsnn, GERMANY.

r Application filed May 16,

To all whom it ma l concern;

Be it known that LGUino Hours, a citizen of Germany and a resident of Berlineis.

sensee, in Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Milling Machines, (for which I have filed application in Germany onthe'Qlst of August, 1916,) of which the following is a specification.

lily invention relatesto milling machines and particularly to milling machines designed for producing cams and the like ob- -jects of irregular contour. The ob ect or my present invention is to produce an mproved milling :machine whereby spherical and other copy millin work may be produced by means of-reauily producahle copy cams. i I

The known copy milling machines are designed to transfer the contour'ofa copy cam upon the work, the milling spindle moving either parallel within the same plane or axially, unless the contour of: the work is eventually produced through corresponding movements of the latter. The former method requires very accurate copy cams and is not applicable for any repetition of the same contour upon the same work, nor for milling spherical contours. lVhile those milling machines which are especially designed for producing spherical contours do not employ copy cams. V

According to my present invention spherical as well as other cam contours are produced after simple copy cams by means of an oscillating milling tool which produces the desired contours after an evolution method. The essential feature of this evolution 'method consists in the fact that the oscillating milling tool is controlled by means of a simple revolving cam and produces upon t-llSWVOIk the desired contour as the result of the movement of the milling tool and the feed of the work, the latter revolving in a definite relation to the movement or". the milling tool control cam.

The milling device according to my invention is mainly designed for such revolving work on which a certain contour occurs more than once within theeflective path of the cam. For spherical milling work the axis of the work to be wrought upon is arranged at right angle to the axis of oscillation of the milling spindle; for milling other contours the axis of the work, the axis MILLING MACHINE.

Specificationof Lettel's Patent. Patented Feb l l, 1922,v

1919. Serial No. 297,713.

oli the milling tool, and the axis of oscilation of the latter are disposed parallel.

. Hill a uniformrevolving feed or cro feed milling vork of this character causes the milling tool to cut varying lengths with in a given unit of time. For the economical utilization of such a machine it is therefore desirable that provisions be made for a feed regulator that adjusts itself automatically so that the working capacity of the milling tool remains constant throughout.

- o b u operation of the machine.

To render my invention more clear I have illustrated embodiments of the same in the accompanying drawings by way of example.

In Figures 1 to 8 I have shown a machine according to my present invention for producing spherical cam contours, Figure 1 being an elevation, Figure 2 a planview, and Figure 3 a side view of the machine. Figure l represents a milling work such as may be produced by the machine illustrated in Figures 1 to 3, while Figure 5 shows a copy cam suitable for a work shown in Figure l. "With he kind of work shown for instance in Figure 4;, the milling tool is required to perform an approximately un varying cutting length for a unit time throughout, hence, no feeding speed regulator is required which I have therefore omitted in the construction shown in Figures 1 to 3. However, such a device is shown in another embodiment 01" my invention illustrated in Figures 6 to 8 inclusive, Figure Gheing an elevation. Figure 7 a side view seen from the left of Figure 6, and Figure 8 a plan view of the main parts of the machine. Figure 9 shows a typical example of awork, and Figures 10 and ll'the milling and feeding cams for the production of such work. The modified embodiment of my invention as shown in. Figures 6 to 8 is screw and slot connection 7.

illustrated in Figure 12 j in a perspective view. a

he machine frame 1 is provided with a bed like structure carrying the tracks 1'. it one end of the frame 1 there is mounted the spindle 2 of the circular table 3 which is provided at its circumference with teeth engaging a worm shaft 26 by means of which the feed is communicated to the said table. Upon the tracks 1 is lengthwise movable a divided slide at l. The slide part 4 can ries upon a hollow pivot 6 the oscillation plate 6 with the extension? and the adjust ably mounted guide roller 8 mounted at the end of the latter. The angular position of the extension 7 is rendered adjustable relative to the oscillator 6 by means of a The spindle stock 5 is adjustably mounted upon a track 6 of the oscillation plate 6. The axis of the. milling spindle l3 crosse the axis of oscillation at a right angle; and 'theaxis" of revolution of the work 27 to be wrought upon is likewise disposed at a rightangle to the axis of oscillation.

The machine is operated by means of the shaft 10 receiving its driving power over the belt pulley 9. Two pairs of bevel gears 11, 12 and 11, lQcommunicate thedriving power to the milling spindle 13. I' have omitted from the drawings the milling tool since such tools are well known to those skilled in the art to which this invention pair of bevel wheels 25.

The work to be wrought upon is designated 27, and it is presumed that the same is to be provided with the spherical, viz. concave cam grooveillustrated in Figure 4. The copy cam required for this species of work is reproduced in Figure 5 and is of a. very simple structure.

lVhen the machine is set into operation the copy cam 15 is caused to revolve owing to the gear connection above described. The circular table 3 revolves also and its ratio of speed with regard to the revolution of the copy cam 15 is determined by the size of the change wheels 21 and 23. In the present instance the copy cam is required to perform six full revolutions while the work once turned, in order to reproduce the groove contour six times. The contour that can be produced by means of the copy cam The lower end of the shaft 14 15 can be milled into the work as many times during one revolution of the latter as may be desired; all that is necessary isto change the ratio of speed between the copy cam and the work table correspondingly,

Theextent of the oscillation of the milling tool canrbe adjusted by approaching or movingapart the slide sections 4 and 4t and readjusting the active length of the extension arm 7.- Hence, figures of similar contour but different size can be produced with one and the same copy cam. v The described construction is designed for spherical milling work of a character similar to that shown in igure Camsof this spherical curvature, are required, for instance, as control cams for the guidance of machine'parts the axis ofrotation-of' which meet in the point about which the milling spindle oscillates. For cams of the character shown, for instance, in F igures9,'10, and 11, I have designed the construction shown in Figures- 6: to SJ However, the machine shown in Figures 1 to 3 may be adapted to like requirements by arranging the millingspindle at a right angle to the actuating shaft and by rendering the machine table angularly adjustable.

Referring to the construction shown in Figures 6 to :8, the oscillation plate 6 rests directly upon the track 1 of the bed 1 which carries the shaftla on which the copy cam 15 is secured. The oscillation plate 6 is operated from an independent gear. The milling tool is actuated from the driving pulley 9 receiving its power from an overhead shaft 9 over a pulley 9 and a belt 9 The stepped cone pulley 29 is provided for the operation of the feed. The cone pulley 29 is secured upon a. shaft 18 from which is derived the drive for the copy cam 15 and for the chuck 3 for the work in a similar manner as described with reference to the first embodiment of the invention shown in'Figures l to The shaft '18 is positively connected to the shaft l t by means of a worm gear 17, 16, and to the shaft 21 by means of toothed gear wheels 21, 22, 23. The shaft 24 drives the shaft 2 and the chuck 3 secured thereon by means of a pair of bevel wheels 25, 25, the shaft- 25.and the worm gear 26, 3.

Besides the copy cam "15, the shaft It carries the control cam 30 for the feed adjustment. The latter comprises a countershaft and a pair of pulleys. The cone pulley 3i drives while the cone pulley 32 and the stepped'pulley 33 are driven parts of the gear. means of a lever 35 directly controlled by the cam 30. I provide. counter weights which are omitted for the sake of clearness and by means of which the cam actuated parts are kept in contact with the respective cams.

In Figure 101 have illustrated a copy cam adapted for the production of the work 27fshown in Figure 9. In this case the reed control cam'llll would require a contour similar to that shown in Figure 11.

Thecooperation ot the diiferentlmachine parts I will now describe with reference to the modified construction shown in Figures (lto 8. In this case both of the worm gears, viz. that for the operation of the copy cam and that for the revolution of the chuck 3 for the work,' have equal numbers of threads and teeth respectively. The change wheel 21 upon the shaft 18 is hall": as large as the wheel 28 upon the feed shaft 24c. Hence, the work is revolved one half aturn when the worm 17 has revolved the worm wheel 16 and the copy cam 15 a full turn. lVhen the work'is finished, its contour is therefore doubled.

The division of the sectional, face oi the work 27 into 24; parts, as shown in Figure 9, corresponds to the division of the copy cam, Figure 10, into 12 parts; the figures indicating the coincidingangular positions, the largest radius of the work 2r corresponds to the smallest radius of the copy cam 15. remains constant, the cutting capacity of the milling tool remains equal between the points 1 to 5, increases between the points 5 and 6, decreases between the points 6 and 7, is considerably less between the points 7 and 9, and increases thereafter in the same proportion in which it decreased previously. If it is desired that the machine operates with the maximum milling tool feed allowable, the corresponding speed need only be ascertained between the points 1 to 5 of the milling tool path and the feed regulator adjusted accordingly{ At the moment when the feeding speed tends to increase the ascending portion between the points 5 and 6 of the feed control cam operates thelever 35 of the feed regulating gear which is thereby slowed down accordingly. Since the ollecti've curve of the cam, 80 descends rapidly between the points 6 and 7 and ren'iains unchanged up to the point 9, the result is that the speed regulator increases the angular speed of both the work and the copy cam to such an amount that the speed of the milling tool remains constant.

For the adjustment and readjustment of the cutting depth 1 have provided the ad justable roller 8 see Figure 7). By increasing! its distance from the extension 7, the milling tool. is caused to cut deeper into the work.

lVith the construction shown in Figures 1 to the cutting depth ot the milling; tool.-

is adjusted by a'movement of the spindle stock upon the track 6 oi the oscillation plate 6.

If it is desircd to give the contours produced a finishing grinding it is only nec- H the angular speed of the feed essary toput a grinding wheel inplace of the millingtool and to provide a separate drive for the same. However the grinding wheel must have a diameter as: equal as possible to that of the willing tool as otherwise the produced contour of the workwill be affected.

The limit of the sizo of the copy cam depends upon the size of the machine A circle is made upon the copy cam plate.

This circle may be considered as the basis c rcle and 1s divided into as many parts as the contour to be milled. Intothe latter a basis circle is made from which the dis- Having now described my inventioinwhat' I claim as my invention and desire to secure 1 by Letters Patent of the United States, is

1. Milling machine, comprising, in combination, a table for the work to be wrought upon feeding; mechanism for said table, a milling spindle adapted to receive a milling tool, an oscillatory carrier for said millin spindle and adapted to be cam controlle the axis of oscillation of said carrier being; disposed at a right angle to the axis of said spindle, a revoluble cam for said carrier to control its oscillatorymovement, feedin mechanism for said cam, said second namec mechanism operating in timed relation to said first named mechanism, actuating means for said i'nilling"spindle and means in connection with said second'nained mechanism tor alteringt-heratio of speed be tween the feed of said cam and the feed of said table whereby the contour of said cam may be reproduced more than once within the course of the complete. cam contour to be produced upon the work.

2. Milling machine comprising, in combination, a revoluble tahletonthe work to be wrought upon feeding; mechanism "for said table, a milling spindle adapt-ed to receive a milling tool; an oscillatory carrier for said milling spindle and adapted to be (131116011- trolled, the axis of oscillation of said carrier being disposed at a right angle to the axis of said spindle as well as to the axis oi said table,a revoluble earn for said carrier to con trol its oscillatory movement, feeding; mochasaid cam and the feed of said table, whereby the contour of said cam may be reproduced repeatedly within the course ot the complete camcontour tobereproduced upon the work.

3. Milling ma chine, comprising, in combination, a table for the): work to be wrought upon, feeding mechanism for said table, a milling spindle adapted to receive a milling tool, anl'oscillatory carrier for said milling spindle and adapted to be cam controlled, the axis of oscillation of said carrier being disposed at a right angle to the axis oi said spindle, a revoluble cam for said carrier to control its oscillatory moven'ient. feeding mechanism for said cam, said second named mechanism operating in timed relation to said first named gear, actuatingineans for said milling spindle, means in conne'ct-ion with said second named mechanism for allowing of alteringthe ratio of speed between the feed of said cam and the feed of said table, whereby the contour of? said cam may be reproduced more than once within the course of the complete cam contour to bepro- 3 duced upon the work, and means for adjusting the'position of said spindle upon said carrier and relatlve to the work;

-l-. Milling inaclnne, comprising, in combination. a revoluble table for the work to be wrought upon, feeding mechanism for said table, a milling spindle adapted to receive a milling tool, an oscillatory "carrier for said milling spindle and adapted to he cam controlledthe axis of oscillation of said carrier being disposed'at a right angle to the axis of said spindle as well as to the axis oi? said table, arevoluble cam for said carrier to control its oscillatory movement, feeding mechanism for said cam, said second named mechanism operating in timed relation to said first named mechanism, actuating means for said -milling spindle, means in connection with said second named mechanism for altering the ratio of speedbetweenthe feed of saidcam andthe feed of said table, whereby the bontour of said cam may be reproduced more than once within the course otthe com plete cam contour to be reproduced upon the work, and means for adjusting theposition of said spindle upon said carrier and rela tive to-the work.

5. Milling machine, comprising, in combination, a table for the work to be wrought upon, feeding meehanism'tor said table, an

oscillatory carrier extending in opposite directions from its axis of oscillation, a milling spindle adapted to receive a milling tool, said milling spindle being mounted upon one extension ot' said carrier, an adjustal'ile arm at the extension of said carrier that is opposite to said first named extension carrying said milling spindle, said arm being adapted to be cam controlled, a revoluble, cam acting uponsaid arm so as to control the oscillatory movement of said :arrier,the axis of oscillation oitsaid carrier being disposed at a right angle to the axis of said milling spur dle, actuating means torsaid milling spindle, and feeding mechanism for said cam.

6, Milling machine, comprising,in combination, a table for the .work to be wrought upon, feeding mechanism tor said table, an oscillatory carrier extending in opposite directions from its axis of oscillation, amilling spindle adapted to receive a milling tool, said milling spindle being mounted upon one extension of said carrier, anadjusta-ble arm at-the extension of saidearrier that is opposite to said first named extension carrying said millingspindle, anadjustable cam to]- lower at the free end of said arm, a revolnhle cam acting upon said-armso as to control the oscillatory movement of said carrier, the

axis of oscillation of said carrier being disposed at a right angle to the axisolsaid milling spindle, acuating means for said milling'spindle, aslide consisting oi. two relatively adjustable sections, one of said sections carrying said oscillatory carrier ,while the second sect-ion carries said revoluble cam, whereby the ratio oi leverage between :the axisof oscillation and the actuating point. of said cam on the one hand and the milling point on the other hand may be altercdand actuating means for said cam.

T. lllilling machine, comprising, in combination, a. table for the workto be wrought upon, feeding mechanism forsaid table, an oscillatory --carrier extendingin opposite directions from its axis of oscillation, a millingspindle' adapted to receive a milling tool, said milling spindle being mounted'upon one extension of said carrier, anadjust-able ar'mvat the extension of said carrier that is opposite to said firstnamed extension carryinnsaid milling spindle, said arm being adapted to be cam controlled, a revolu-ble cam acting upon said arm'so as to'control the oscillatory movement of said carrier, the axis of oscillation of saidcarrier being disposed at a right angle to'the axis of said milling spindle, actuating means for said milling spindle. and feeding, mechanism for saidcam, saidlast named mechanism operating in timed relation to said firstnamed mechanism.

8. Milling machine, comprising, :in combination, a table for the workto be wrought upon, 'iieedingmechanim for said table, an

oscillatory carrier extending in opposite directions "trom its axisot' oscillation, a milling spindle adapted to receive a milling tool, saidmilling spindle being mounted upon one extension of saidcarrier, an adjustable arm atthe extension of said carrier that is opposite to' said first named extension carrying said milling spindle, an adjustable cam itollower at the free end of said arm, a revoluble cam acting upon said armso :as to controlithe oscillatorymovement of said can rier, the axis of oscillation of said carrier belng disposed at a right angle to the axis of said milling splndl'e, actuating means for said milling spindle, a slide consisting of two relatively adjustable sections, one of said sections carrying said oscillatory carrier while the second section carries said revoluble cam, whereby the ratio of leverage between the axis of oscillation and the actuating pointof said cam on the one hand and the milling point on the other hand may be altered, feeding mechanism for said cam, said last named mechanism operating in timed reation to said first named mechanism.

9. Milling machine, comprising, in combination, a table for the work to be wrought upon, feeding mechanism for said table, an oscillatory carrier extending inopposite directions from its axis of oscillation, a milling spindle adapted to receive a milling tool, said milling spindle being mounted upon one extension of said carrier, an adjustable arm at the extension of said carrier that is opposite to said'first named extension carrying said milling spindle, said arm being adapted to be cam controlled, a revoluble cam acting upon said arm so as to control the oscillatory movement of said carrier, the axis of oscillation of said carrier being disposed at a right angle to the axis of said milling spindle, actuating means for said milling spindle, feedingmechanism for said cam, said last named mechanism operating.

in timed relation to said first named mecha nism, and means in connection with said last named mechanism for altering the ratio of speed between the feed of said camv and the feed of said table, whereby the contour of said cam may be reproduced more than once within the course of the complete cam contourto-be produced upon the work.

10. Milling machine, comprising, in combinatioma table for the work to be wrought upon. feeding mechanism for said table, an

oscillatory carrier extending in opposite directions from its axis of oscillation, a mill: ing spindle adapted to receive a milling tool, said milling being mounted upon one extension of said carrier, an adjustable arm at the extension of said carrier that is opposite to said first named extension carrying said milling spindle. an adjustable cam follower at the free end of said arm. a revoluhle cam acting upon said arm so as to control the oscillatory movement of said carrier. the axis of oscillation of said carrier being disposed at a right angle to the axis of said milling spindle. actuatlng meansfor said nnlhng spindle, a slide consisting of two relatively adjustable sections one ofv of said cam on the one handand the milling point on the other hand may be altered,

feeding mechanim for said cam, said last named mechanism operating in timed relation to said first named mechanism, and means in connection with said second named feeding mechanism for altering the ratio of speed between the feed of said cam and the feed of said table, whereby the contour of said cam may be reproduced at least twice within the course of the complete cam coutour to be produced upon the work.

'11. Milling machine, comprising, in combination, a device for holding the work tobe wrought upon, feeding mechanism for said device, a milling device, an oscillatory carrier for said milling device and adapted to be cam controlled, at revoluhle cam for said carrier to control its oscillatory move- .ment, actuating mechanism for said milling device, feeding mechanism for said cam, and a speed regulating device operatively connected with both said first named feeding mechanism andsaid last named feeding mechanism, whereby the feed of the work and the feed of said cam is automatically regulated in accordance to the milling work to be performed. 1 i

12. Milling machine, comprising, in con bination, a device for holding the work to be wrought upon, feeding mechanism for said device, a milling device, an oscillatory carrier for said milling device and adapted to be cam controlled, a revoluble cam for ing mechanism and said last named feeding mechanism and comprising a controlling cam mounted concentrically with said first named cam and so as to participate of the revolving movement of the latter, wherelrv the feed of the work and the feed of said cam is automatically regulated in accordance to the milling work to be performed.

13. Milling machine, comprising, in com-- bination, a device for holding the work to he wrought upon, feeding mechanism for said device, a milling device. an oscillatory carrier for said milling device and extending in opposite directions from the axis of oscillation, said milling device being mounted upon one extension of saidv carrier, an adjustable arm at the carrier extension that is opposite to said first named extension, said arm being adapted to be cam con trolled, a revoluhle cam acting upon said arm so as to control the oscillatory movements of said carrier, actuatn'ig means for said milling device, feeding mechanism for said cam, and a cam controlled speed regulator operatlvely connected with both said first named feeding mechanism for the work and said last named feeding nlecha msm for said revoluble cam, the controlling said device, a milling device, an oscillatory carrierfor said milling device and adapted to be cam controlled, a rev-oluble cam" for said carrier to controlits oscillatory-movement, actuating means for said milling de vice, feeding mechanism for saidcam, and in operatve connect-ionwith said last named feeding mechanism means for altering the ratio of speed between the feed of said cam and the feed of said work holding device, whereby the contour of said cam may be reproduced at leasttwice within the course of the complete cam contour to be produced upon the work, anda speed regulating device operatively connected with both said first named feeding mechanism and said last'named feeding mechanism, whereby the feed of the work and the feed of said cam is automatically regulated in accordance'to the milling work to be performed.

p 15. Milling machine, comprising, incom bination, a device for holding the work to be wrought upon, feeding mechanism for said deiice, a. milling device, an oscillatory carrier for said milling device and extending in opposite directions from the axis of oscillation, said milling device being mounted upon one extension of said carrier. an adjustable arm at the carrier extension that is opposite to said first named extension,

said arm being adapted to be cam controlled, are voluhle cam acting upon said arm so as to controlthe oscillatory movein the revolving movements of the latter,

whereby the feed of the work and the feed of said first named controlling cam is automatically regulated in accordance to the amount of milling work to be performed, and in operative connection with said secondnamed feedingmechanism means for altering the ratio of speed between the feed of said cam andthe feed of said work holding (levic whereby the contour of saidcam may bereproduced at least twice within the course 'of the completecam contour to be produced upon the work.

16.]Milling machine, comprising, in combination, a device for holding the work to be wrought upon, feeding mechanism for said device, a millingdevice comprising a milling spindle of two positively connected spindle parts disposed at a right angle to each other, an oscillatory carrier for-said milling device and adapted to be cam controlled, a, revoluble cam for said carrier-to control its oscillatory movement, actuating mechanism for'said .inilling device. feeding mechanism for said cam, and a speed regulatoUIno HORN. 

